LaTeX
LaTeX是在TeX基础上,规范化出了一种格式,一种编写风格。可以理解为LaTeX是由TeX写的。
符号文档:按字母排序 按类型排序
画符号显示符号名称:Detexify
在线手写公式生成数学表达式代码:https://webdemo.myscript.com/views/math/index.html#
详细文档:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics
LaTeX存在大量第三方插件扩展,包括不限于:Amsmath、MathTools、mathrsfs、amsfonts、xcolor...
文档尽量不考虑扩展确保兼容
使用方法:
| 类型 |
内联公式 |
显示的方程 |
显示并自动编号的方程 |
| Environment |
math |
displaymath |
equation |
| LaTeX |
\(...\) |
\[...\] |
|
| TeX |
$...$ |
$$...$$ |
|
| Comment |
|
|
equation* (starred version) suppresses numbering, but requires amsmath |
| $$
E=mc^2
$$
\[ f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\
-(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
\]
|
\[ f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\
-(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
\]
符号
关系符号
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(<\) |
< |
|
\(>\) |
> |
| \(\leq\) |
\leq |
|
\(\geq\) |
\geq |
| \(\ll\) |
\ll |
|
\(\gg\) |
\gg |
| \(\subset\) |
\subset |
|
\(\supset\) |
\supset |
| \(\subseteq\) |
\subseteq |
|
\(\supseteq\) |
\supseteq |
| \(\nsubseteq\) |
\nsubseteq |
|
\(\nsupseteq\) |
\nsupseteq |
| \(\sqsubset\) |
\sqsubset |
|
\(\sqsupset\) |
\sqsupset |
| \(\sqsubseteq\) |
\sqsubseteq |
|
\(\sqsupseteq\) |
\sqsupseteq |
| \(\preceq\) |
\preceq |
|
\(\succeq\) |
\succeq |
| \(\therefore\) |
\therefore |
|
\(\because\) |
\because |
| \(\parallel\) |
\parallel |
|
\(\nparallel\) |
\nparallel |
| \(\asymp\) |
\asymp |
|
\(\bowtie\) |
\bowtie |
| \(\vdash\) |
\vdash |
|
\(\dashv\) |
\dashv |
| \(\in\) |
\in |
|
\(\ni\) |
\ni |
| \(\smile\) |
\smile |
|
\(\frown\) |
\frown |
| \(\models\) |
\models |
|
\(\notin\) |
\notin |
| \(\perp\) |
\perp |
|
\(\mid\) |
\mid |
| \(\prec\) |
\prec |
|
\(\succ\) |
\succ |
| \(\sphericalangle\) |
\sphericalangle |
|
\(\measuredangle\) |
\measuredangle |
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(=\) |
= |
|
\(\simeq\) |
\simeq |
| \(\doteq\) |
\doteq |
|
\(\sim\) |
\sim |
| \(\equiv\) |
\equiv |
|
\(\propto\) |
\propto |
| \(\approx\) |
\approx |
|
\(\neq\) |
\neq |
| \(\cong\) |
\cong |
|
|
|
二进制操作
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(\pm\) |
\pm |
|
\(\cap\) |
\cap |
| \(\mp\) |
\mp |
|
\(\cup\) |
\cup |
| \(\times\) |
\times |
|
\(\uplus\) |
\uplus |
| \(\div\) |
\div |
|
\(\sqcap\) |
\sqcap |
| \(\ast\) |
\ast |
|
\(\sqcup\) |
\sqcup |
| \(\star\) |
\star |
|
\(\vee\) |
\vee |
| \(\dagger\) |
\dagger |
|
\(\wedge\) |
\wedge |
| \(\ddagger\) |
\ddagger |
|
\(\cdot\) |
\cdot |
| \(\diamond\) |
\diamond |
|
\(\oplus\) |
\oplus |
| \(\bigtriangleup\) |
\bigtriangleup |
|
\(\ominus\) |
\ominus |
| \(\bigtriangledown\) |
\bigtriangledown |
|
\(\otimes\) |
\otimes |
| \(\triangleleft\) |
\triangleleft |
|
\(\oslash\) |
\oslash |
| \(\triangleright\) |
\triangleright |
|
\(\odot\) |
\odot |
| \(\bigcirc\) |
\bigcirc |
|
\(\circ\) |
\circ |
| \(\bullet\) |
\bullet |
|
\(\setminus\) |
\setminus |
| \(\wr\) |
\wr |
|
\(\amalg\) |
\amalg |
设置和/或逻辑符号
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(\exists\) |
\exists |
|
\(\rightarrow\) |
\rightarrow 或 \to |
| \(\nexists\) |
\nexists |
|
\(\leftarrow\) |
\leftarrow 或 \gets |
| \(\forall\) |
\forall |
|
\(\mapsto\) |
\mapsto |
| \(\neg\) |
\neg |
|
\(\implies\) |
\implies |
| \(\impliedby\) |
\impliedby |
|
\(\Rightarrow\) |
\Rightarrow 或 \implies |
| \(\leftrightarrow\) |
\leftrightarrow |
|
\(\Leftrightarrow\) |
\Leftrightarrow |
| \(\iff\) |
\iff |
|
\(\angle\) |
\angle |
| \(\land\) |
\land |
|
\(\lor\) |
\lor |
| \(\top\) |
\top |
|
\(\bot\) |
\bot |
| \(\emptyset\) |
\emptyset |
|
\(\varnothing\) |
\varnothing |
| \(\rightleftharpoons\) |
\rightleftharpoons |
|
|
|
分隔符
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(\mid\) |
\mid |
|
\(\|\) |
\| |
| \(\{\) |
\{ |
|
\(\}\) |
\} |
| \(\uparrow\) |
\uparrow |
|
\(\Uparrow\) |
\Uparrow |
| \(\downarrow\) |
\downarrow |
|
\(\Downarrow\) |
\Downarrow |
| \(/\) |
/ |
|
\(\backslash\) |
\backslash |
| \(\langle\) |
\langle |
|
\(\rangle\) |
\rangle |
| \(\lceil\) |
\lceil |
|
\(\rceil\) |
\rceil |
| \(\lfloor\) |
\lfloor |
|
\(\rfloor\) |
\rfloor |
希腊字母
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(A\) |
A |
|
\(\alpha\) |
\alpha |
| \(B\) |
B |
|
\(\beta\) |
\beta |
| \(\Gamma\) |
\Gamma |
|
\(\gamma\) |
\gamma |
| \(\Delta\) |
\Delta |
|
\(\delta\) |
\delta |
| \(E\) |
E |
|
\(\epsilon\) \(\varepsilon\) |
\epsilon \varepsilon |
| \(Z\) |
Z |
|
\(\zeta\) |
\zeta |
| \(H\) |
H |
|
\(\eta\) |
\eta |
| \(\Theta\) |
\Theta |
|
$ heta$ \(\vartheta\) |
\theta \vartheta |
| \(I\) |
I |
|
\(\iota\) |
\iota |
| \(K\) |
K |
|
\(\kappa\) \(\varkappa\) |
\kappa \varkappa |
| \(\Lambda\) |
\Lambda |
|
\(\lambda\) |
\lambda |
| \(M\) |
M |
|
\(\mu\) |
\mu |
| \(N\) |
N |
|
\(\nu\) |
\nu |
| \(\Xi\) |
\Xi |
|
\(\xi\) |
\xi |
| \(O\) |
O |
|
\(o\) |
o |
| \(\Pi\) |
\Pi |
|
\(\pi\) \(\varpi\) |
\pi \varpi |
| \(P\) |
P |
|
\(\rho\) \(\varrho\) |
\rho \varrho |
| \(\Sigma\) |
\Sigma |
|
\(\sigma\) \(\varsigma\) |
\sigma \varsigma |
| \(T\) |
T |
|
\(\tau\) |
\tau |
| \(Y\) |
Y |
|
\(\Upsilon\) \(\upsilon\) |
\Upsilon \upsilon |
| \(\Phi\) |
\Phi |
|
\(\phi\) \(\varphi\) |
\phi \varphi |
| \(X\) |
X |
|
\(\chi\) |
\chi |
| \(\Psi\) |
\Psi |
|
\(\psi\) |
\psi |
| \(\Omega\) |
\Omega |
|
\(\omega\) |
\omega |
其他符号
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(\partial\) |
\partial |
|
\(\imath\) |
\imath |
| \(\eth\) |
\eth |
|
\(\jmath\) |
\jmath |
| \(\hbar\) |
\hbar |
|
\(\ell\) |
\ell |
| \(\Re\) |
\Re |
|
\(\nabla\) |
\nabla |
| \(\Im\) |
\Im |
|
\(\Box\) |
\Box |
| \(\wp\) |
\wp |
|
\(\infty\) |
\infty |
| \(\aleph\) |
\aleph |
|
\(\beth\) |
\beth |
| \(\gimel\) |
\gimel |
|
|
|
三角函数
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(\sin\) |
\sin |
|
\(\arcsin\) |
\arcsin |
| \(\cos\) |
\cos |
|
\(\arccos\) |
\arccos |
| \(\tan\) |
\tan |
|
\(\arctan\) |
\arctan |
| \(\cot\) |
\cot |
|
\(\arccot\) |
\arccot |
| \(\sinh\) |
\sinh |
|
\(\sec\) |
\sec |
| \(\cosh\) |
\cosh |
|
\(\csc\) |
\csc |
| \(\tanh\) |
\tanh |
|
\(\coth\) |
\coth |
和与积分
| 象征 |
脚本 |
象征 |
脚本 |
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(\sum\) |
\sum |
\(\prod\) |
\prod |
\(\coprod\) |
\coprod |
| \(\bigoplus\) |
\bigoplus |
\(\bigotimes\) |
\bigotimes |
\(\bigodot\) |
\bigodot |
| \(\bigcup\) |
\bigcup |
\(\bigcap\) |
\bigcap |
\(\biguplus\) |
\biguplus |
| \(\bigsqcup\) |
\bigsqcup |
\(\bigvee\) |
\bigvee |
\(\bigwedge\) |
\bigwedge |
| \(\int\) |
\int |
\(\oint\) |
\oint |
\(\iint\) |
\iint |
| \(\iiint\) |
\iiint |
\(\iiiint\) |
\iiiint |
\(\idotsint\) |
\idotsint |
公式排版
行内公式: 使用$包裹公式 \(E=mc^2\)
独立公式: 使用$$包裹公式
特殊转义字符
# $ & ~ _ ^ \ { } %这些字符在MarkDown中有特殊的意义,在需要使用这些字符的时候,需要进行转义
公式
极限: \(\lim\limits_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0\)
| $\lim\limits_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0$
|
幂和指数: \(k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1}\)
| $k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1}$
|
分数和二项式: \(\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k} \neq ^3/_7\)
| \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k} \neq ^3/_7
|
连续分数
\[
\begin{equation}
x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1
+ \cfrac{1}{a_2
+ \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4} } } }
\end{equation}
\]
| \begin{equation}
x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1
+ \cfrac{1}{a_2
+ \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4} } } }
\end{equation}
|
两个数字的乘法
\[
\begin{equation}
\frac{
\begin{array}[b]{r}
\left( x_1 x_2 \right)\\
\times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right)
\end{array}
}{
\left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right)
}
\end{equation}
\]
| \begin{equation}
\frac{
\begin{array}[b]{r}
\left( x_1 x_2 \right)\\
\times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right)
\end{array}
}{
\left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right)
}
\end{equation}
|
根号
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}\)
\(\sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n}\)
| \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}
\sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n}
|
和与积分
\(\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i\)
\(\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i\)
\(\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x\)
| \sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i
\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i
\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x
|
\[
\sum_{\substack{
0<i<m \\
0<j<n
}}
P(i,j)
\]
| \sum_{\substack{
0<i<m \\
0<j<n
}}
P(i,j)
|
\(\int\limits_a^b\)
矩阵和数组
需要 Amsmath 软件包
\[
\begin{matrix}
a & b & c \\
d & e & f \\
g & h & i
\end{matrix}
\]
| \[
\begin{matrix}
a & b & c \\
d & e & f \\
g & h & i
\end{matrix}
\]
|
\[
A_{m,n} =
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\
a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n}
\end{pmatrix}
\]
| A_{m,n} =
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\
a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n}
\end{pmatrix}
|
\[\begin{array}{c|c}
1 & 2 \\
\hline
3 & 4
\end{array}\]
| \begin{array}{c|c}
1 & 2 \\
\hline
3 & 4
\end{array}
|
\[
M = \begin{bmatrix}
\frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0 \\[0.3em]
\frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6} \\[0.3em]
0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6}
\end{bmatrix}
\]
| M = \begin{bmatrix}
\frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0 \\[0.3em]
\frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6} \\[0.3em]
0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6}
\end{bmatrix}
|
分隔符大小
自动调整
\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right) = (\frac{x^2}{y^3})\)
\(P\left(A=2\middle|\frac{A^2}{B}>4\right)\)
\(\left\{\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right\}\)
\(\left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right|_0^1\)
| \left(\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right) = (\frac{x^2}{y^3})
P\left(A=2\middle|\frac{A^2}{B}>4\right)
\left\{\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right\}
\left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right|_0^1
|
手动调整
\(( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(\)
| ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(
|
\(\frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \left( k g(x) \right) = \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \big( k g(x) \big)\)
| \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \left( k g(x) \right) = \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \big( k g(x) \big)
|
常用案例
\(f(x)=a^2+b\)
\[
\begin{Bmatrix}
a & b \\
c & d
\end{Bmatrix}
\]
| $$
\begin{Bmatrix}
a & b \\
c & d
\end{Bmatrix}
$$
|
加法符号:\(x+y=z\)
减法符号:\(x-y=z\)
加减符号:\(x pm y=z\)
减加符号:\(x mp y=z\)
叉乘符号:\(x times y=z\)
点乘符号:\(x cdot y=z\)
星乘符号:\(x ast y=z\)
除法符号:\(x div y=z\)
斜除符号:\(x/y=z\)
分式1:\(frac{x+y}{y+z}\)
分式2:\({x+y} over {y+z}\)
绝对值:\(|x+y|\)
设置数学符号的格式
默认数学字体: \(\mathnormal{ABCDEFabcdef123456}\)
| \mathnormal{ABCDEFabcdef123456}
|
计量单位,一字函数: \(\mathrm{ABCDEFabcdef123456}\)
| \mathrm{ABCDEFabcdef123456}
|
多字母函数或变量名称: \(\mathit{ABCDEFabcdef123456}\)
| \mathit{ABCDEFabcdef123456}
|
向量: \(\mathbf{ABCDEFabcdef123456}\)
| \mathbf{ABCDEFabcdef123456}
|
类别: \(\mathsf{ABCDEFabcdef123456}\)
| \mathsf{ABCDEFabcdef123456}
|
无: \(\mathtt{ABCDEFabcdef123456}\)
| \mathtt{ABCDEFabcdef123456}
|
向量: \(\mathcal{ABCDEF}\)
音标
| 象征 |
脚本 |
|
象征 |
脚本 |
| \(a'\) |
a' 或 a^{\prime} |
|
\(a''\) |
a'' |
| \(\hat{a}\) |
\hat{a} |
|
\(\bar{a}\) |
\bar{a} |
| \(\grave{a}\) |
\grave{a} |
|
\(\acute{a}\) |
\acute{a} |
| \(\dot{a}\) |
\dot{a} |
|
\(\ddot{a}\) |
\ddot{a} |
| \(\not{a}\) |
\not{a} |
|
\(\mathring{a}\) |
\mathring{a} |
| \(\overrightarrow{AB}\) |
\overrightarrow{AB} |
|
\(\overleftarrow{AB}\) |
\overleftarrow{AB} |
| \(a'''\) |
a''' |
|
\(a''''\) |
a'''' |
| \(\overline{aaa}\) |
\dot{a} |
|
\(\check{a}\) |
\check{a} |
| \(\breve{a}\) |
\breve{a} |
|
\(\vec{a}\) |
\vec{a} |
| \(\widehat{AAA}\) |
\widehat{AAA} |
|
\(\widetilde{AAA}\) |
\widetilde{AAA} |
| \(\stackrel\frown{AAA}\) |
\stackrel\frown{AAA} |
|
$ ilde{a}$ |
\tilde{a} |
| \(\underline{a}\) |
\underline{a} |
|
\(\ddot{a}\) |
\ddot{a} |
控制水平间距
\[ f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\
-(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
\]
| \[ f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\
-(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
\]
|